Understanding: Opposites of the Fruit of the Spirit – What to Avoid


Understanding: Opposites of the Fruit of the Spirit - What to Avoid

The antitheses of virtues historically related to religious progress symbolize a spectrum of unfavorable behaviors and attitudes. These stand in stark distinction to qualities like compassion, persistence, and self-control, as a substitute manifesting as animosity, impulsiveness, and an absence of restraint. For instance, the place benevolence may information actions, malice could possibly be the opposing drive, driving behaviors rooted in sick will and a need to trigger hurt.

Understanding the detrimental impression of those contrasting traits is essential for private improvement and fostering wholesome relationships. Traditionally, philosophical and non secular traditions have emphasised the significance of recognizing and mitigating these unfavorable traits. By acknowledging their presence and affect, people can actively work to domesticate extra constructive and constructive behaviors. This consciousness contributes to a extra harmonious existence, each internally and in interactions with others.

This exploration will delve into particular examples of those contrasting traits, analyzing their results on people and communities. An in depth evaluation of every contrasting attribute offers insights into how they manifest and affords methods for cultivating the opposing, extra fascinating virtues. The following sections will present concrete examples and actionable steps for selling constructive transformation.

1. Hatred

It begins subtly, a seed of resentment planted in fertile floor of unmet expectations. A perceived slight, a damaged promise, or an unfulfilled want; these grow to be the vitamins that nurture this darkish seedling. The tendrils of bitterness slowly wrap across the coronary heart, constricting compassion and choking the life from empathy. Quickly, what started as a flicker of annoyance hardens into a chilly, unyielding stone of antipathy. This stone, the embodiment of hatred, stands as a stark counterpoint to the virtues of affection, kindness, and gentleness, all aspects fractured and distorted by its presence. It turns into a driving drive, poisoning ideas and actions, a continuing whisper urging retribution and fueling division.

The results ripple outwards, affecting not solely the person consumed by animosity but in addition these inside their sphere. Households are torn aside by simmering feuds, communities fractured by prejudice and mistrust. The office turns into a battleground of passive-aggressive behaviors and open hostility. Historical past is replete with examples: ethnic cleaning fueled by generations of ingrained bigotry, wars waged on the again of dehumanizing propaganda, and on a regular basis acts of cruelty born from a deep-seated sense of superiority. This drive actively undermines the creation of peace, pleasure, and persistence, changing them with battle, despair, and rage. The presence of this attribute is an indication of religious deprivation, a symptom of a coronary heart turned inward reasonably than outward.

Understanding its harmful nature is paramount to mitigating its results. Recognizing the triggers, acknowledging the underlying ache, and actively selecting forgiveness are important steps in dismantling its energy. Cultivating empathy, training compassion, and consciously in search of widespread floor function antidotes. It calls for a continuing vigilance, a each day dedication to picking gentle over darkness, and a willingness to confront the ugliness inside. By consciously opposing this unfavorable trait, people can start to heal the injuries of the previous, construct bridges of understanding, and create a extra loving and compassionate world.

2. Impatience

The clock ticked, every second a hammer blow in opposition to the dam of restraint. A line snaked endlessly by way of the airport safety, a younger professionals presentation looming massive within the close to future. Every shuffling foot, every delayed traveler grew to become an embodiment of frustration. The preliminary annoyance morphed right into a simmering anger, a strain cooker threatening to burst. This was impatience, a corrosive acid consuming away on the advantage of persistence, one of many religious qualities most difficult to take care of. It’s the antithesis of stillness, of contentment within the current second, a continuing craving for a future that refuses to reach on schedule. This attribute, seemingly innocuous, unravels the material of peace, pleasure, and self-control, abandoning a path of frayed nerves and strained relationships.

Think about the instructor, struggling to impart data to a category of stressed kids. The repeated explanations, the fixed interruptions, the gradual tempo of understanding grow to be insufferable. The instructor’s persistence, a reservoir rigorously cultivated over years, begins to run dry. Snappish remarks exchange encouragement; frustration overshadows empathy. Or envision the mum or dad, juggling work, household, and countless obligations. A childs tantrum within the grocery retailer, a late pickup from faculty, or a easy request for consideration turns into the ultimate straw. The mother and father self-control crumbles, changed by a torrent of anger and resentment. These should not remoted incidents; they’re each day battles fought on the entrance traces of human interplay. The fixed barrage of calls for, the relentless tempo of recent life, and the ingrained perception that point is a commodity to be seized and maximized gasoline this inferno.

Finally, understanding impatience as a side of unfavorable traits is a vital step in fostering inside peace and constructing stronger relationships. Recognizing the triggers, acknowledging the harmful impression, and actively training mindfulness are important instruments. Cultivating acceptance, embracing the current second, and consciously selecting persistence are acts of defiance in opposition to the relentless strain. By acknowledging the ability of this adversary, people can study to tame its harmful impulses, fostering as a substitute the qualities of compassion, understanding, and enduring fortitude.

3. Selfishness

It started with a single, delicate act of prioritization. A shared useful resource, quietly diverted. A serving to hand, conveniently unavailable. These have been the early tendrils of selfishness, a creeping vine slowly engulfing the spirit. The group, as soon as a vibrant tapestry of shared objective and mutual help, started to unravel. The thread of generosity frayed, changed by a knot of self-interest. The enjoyment of collective achievement pale, overshadowed by the pursuit of particular person acquire. Selfishness, the antithesis of affection and kindness, was taking root, choking the life from the communal backyard. The preliminary acts, seemingly insignificant, paved the best way for bigger transgressions. A blind eye turned to the wants of others, a deaf ear to the cries for assist. The collective good was sacrificed on the altar of non-public ambition. The place compassion as soon as flowed freely, a barren panorama of indifference now stretched. The bonds of belief, painstakingly woven over years, have been severed by the sharp blade of self-preservation.

Think about the household enterprise, constructed on ideas of integrity and equity. A son, keen to assert his inheritance, started to govern the system. He diverted funds, undermined rivals, and disregarded the welfare of workers, all within the pursuit of non-public enrichment. The enterprise, as soon as a supply of satisfaction and stability for the group, grew to become a battleground of greed and resentment. Or think about the politician, elected on a platform of service and dedication. Seduced by the attract of energy, the politician started to prioritize private acquire over the wants of constituents. Guarantees have been damaged, belief betrayed, and the widespread good sacrificed on the altar of political expediency. These should not remoted incidents; they’re reflections of a deeper illness, a societal erosion of empathy and compassion. The rise of consumerism, the glorification of wealth, and the erosion of group all contribute to this insidious development.

Finally, recognizing selfishness as a harmful drive is paramount to fostering a extra compassionate and simply society. Cultivating empathy, training generosity, and consciously selecting selflessness are important antidotes. It requires a continuing vigilance, a each day dedication to prioritizing the wants of others, and a willingness to sacrifice private acquire for the better good. Addressing this unfavorable trait, people can start to heal the injuries of division, construct bridges of understanding, and create a extra equitable and sustainable world. By actively opposing selfishness, it turns into potential to nurture the seeds of compassion, justice, and love, permitting the backyard of group to flourish as soon as extra.

4. Anxiousness

The physician’s prognosis echoed within the sterile room: generalized nervousness dysfunction. It was a label, but it surely felt like a cage, a chilly metal construction that confined his spirit. As soon as a vibrant painter, his canvases now remained clean, haunted by the worry of imperfection, the dread of criticism. Sleep provided no respite, solely a relentless replay of imagined failures and catastrophic futures. This was nervousness, the darkish twin of peace, a continuing companion that eroded pleasure and stifled creativity. It was the seed from which many opposites of the spirits qualities bloomed: worry supplanting religion, fear eclipsing contentment, and stressed agitation changing tranquility. The person’s soul, as soon as a fertile backyard, now felt like a parched wasteland, choked by weeds of apprehension and doubt. It was a each day wrestle, a silent battle waged in opposition to an invisible enemy that threatened to eat him totally.

The results rippled by way of his life, staining each facet with its pervasive negativity. His relationships withered beneath the burden of his irritability and wish for reassurance. His work suffered as his focus fractured, his deadlines missed. Even easy pleasures, like a stroll in nature or a dialog with a good friend, grew to become fraught with underlying unease. Anxiousness stole not solely his peace of thoughts but in addition his capability to attach with others, to expertise pleasure, to dwell absolutely. The very essence of affection, persistence, and self-control grew to become distorted by way of the lens of worry, changed by impatience, resentment, and a determined want to regulate each facet of his life. He knew this was not the trail he needed, not the person he needed to be, however nervousness had woven itself into the very cloth of his being.

The understanding of hysteria as a robust unfavorable drive is vital in reclaiming a life misplaced to its grip. Recognizing its insidious affect and actively in search of methods to handle and mitigate its results is a vital first step. Remedy, medicine, mindfulness practices, and a supportive group can present the instruments to dismantle the cage of worry. Although the journey is lengthy and arduous, the potential reward is immeasurable: a life lived with peace, pleasure, and objective, free from the tyranny of hysteria’s shadow. The purpose is to not remove nervousness totally, for it’s a pure human emotion, however to forestall it from changing into the grasp of the soul, permitting as a substitute for the flourishing of these virtues that symbolize the most effective of human nature.

5. Discontent

Discontent simmers beneath the floor, a continuing, gnawing unease that whispers of one thing extra, one thing higher. It is a delicate type of religious erosion, slowly undermining the foundations of pleasure and peace. The place satisfaction ought to reside, it crops seeds of envy and resentment, fostering a panorama of perpetual wanting. This attribute serves as fertile floor for a bunch of unfavorable traits to take root, every a stark distinction to these virtues aimed toward inside peace and concord.

  • Erosion of Gratitude

    Discontent clouds the flexibility to acknowledge and admire the blessings already current. The daylight streaming by way of the window shouldn’t be sufficient; the heat of a loving household is neglected. The main target shifts relentlessly towards what’s missing, rendering the abundance already possessed invisible. This lack of gratitude fuels emotions of deprivation, resulting in a continuing pursuit of fabric possessions or social standing, a unending quest to fill a void that may by no means be glad by exterior means.

  • Cultivation of Envy

    Discontent breeds envy, a corrosive emotion that fixates on the perceived benefits of others. The neighbor’s newer automobile, the colleague’s increased wage, the good friend’s extra unique trip every turns into a supply of resentment and bitterness. This envy, unchecked, can poison relationships, resulting in gossip, backbiting, and a normal sense of sick will. The enjoyment of others turns into a supply of ache, and the need to see them introduced down turns into an insidious obsession.

  • Gas for Materialism

    Discontent drives a relentless pursuit of fabric possessions, the misguided perception that happiness will be purchased and offered. The most recent devices, the trendiest garments, essentially the most luxurious holidays every turns into a short lived balm for the soul, shortly changed by the craving for the subsequent acquisition. This cycle of consumption perpetuates a way of vacancy, a sense that one thing is at all times lacking, regardless of how a lot is amassed. The person turns into a slave to their needs, trapped in a unending pursuit of fleeting pleasures.

  • Diminishment of Pleasure

    Discontent casts a shadow over each facet of life, diminishing the flexibility to expertise real pleasure. Even in moments of success or happiness, the nagging voice of dissatisfaction whispers that it’s not sufficient. The achievement shouldn’t be important sufficient, the connection shouldn’t be excellent sufficient, the expertise shouldn’t be fulfilling sufficient. This fixed striving for an unattainable ultimate prevents the person from absolutely embracing the current second, from savoring the straightforward pleasures of life.

The aspects of discontent collectively illustrate how this single unfavorable tendency can erode the foundations of a virtuous life. By fostering ingratitude, envy, materialism, and diminishing pleasure, it creates a breeding floor for a bunch of contrasting qualities qualities like nervousness, impatience, and selfishness. Acknowledging discontent’s energy is step one in the direction of cultivating contentment, a advantage that strengthens the spirit and permits for the total expression of affection, pleasure, and peace.

6. Unkindness

Unkindness, a delicate corrosion of the human spirit, stands as a direct counterpoint to the virtues of compassion and empathy. It isn’t at all times the grand gesture of malice, however typically a thousand tiny cuts, each diminishing the sunshine inside each the giver and receiver. Throughout the panorama of opposing traits, unkindness serves as a foundational ingredient, paving the best way for extra egregious breaches of morality and harmonious residing.

  • The Silencing of Voices

    Unkindness regularly manifests as a deliberate silencing of dissenting voices. In a gathering room, a junior colleague hesitantly affords an concept, solely to be met with condescending dismissal or outright mockery. The seed of innovation is crushed, and the person’s confidence withers. In a household gathering, a heartfelt expression of vulnerability is met with cynicism and mock, educating the speaker to bury their feelings. This act of silencing, although seemingly small, perpetuates a tradition of worry and conformity, inhibiting the free circulate of concepts and stifling genuine connection.

  • The Withholding of Grace

    The withholding of grace, one other side, happens when people are fast to evaluate and gradual to forgive. A good friend makes a mistake, a partner commits an error, and as a substitute of providing understanding and help, criticism and resentment grow to be the default response. This lack of grace creates a local weather of hysteria and insecurity, the place errors are feared greater than studying and progress. Relationships grow to be transactional, conditional upon perfection, and the bonds of loyalty and belief weaken.

  • The Erosion of Empathy

    Unkindness actively erodes empathy, the flexibility to grasp and share the sentiments of one other. When confronted with struggling or misfortune, the unkind particular person responds with indifference and even callousness. A homeless particular person is dismissed as lazy, a grieving neighbor is prevented out of discomfort, and the cries of the marginalized are ignored. This lack of empathy creates a societal divide, the place the privileged flip a blind eye to the plight of the much less lucky, perpetuating cycles of poverty and injustice.

  • The Poisoning of Environment

    The cumulative impact of unkindness is a pervasive poisoning of the ambiance, each inside people and inside communities. Negativity breeds negativity, and a tradition of cynicism and mistrust takes root. Pleasure is changed by bitterness, peace is changed by battle, and the spirit of generosity is changed by a hoarding of assets. The group, as soon as a supply of help and belonging, turns into a battleground of competing egos and conflicting agendas.

Finally, unkindness, in its myriad varieties, stands as a big impediment to private and societal flourishing. By recognizing its delicate manifestations and actively cultivating its reverse empathy, compassion, and beauty people can start to heal the injuries of division and create a extra harmonious and simply world. Overcoming these tendencies is troublesome, requiring fixed vigilance and a willingness to confront one’s personal biases and prejudices. Nonetheless, the reward a world the place kindness prevails is well worth the effort.

7. Unfaithfulness

The previous lighthouse keeper, Silas, had seen many storms lash the coast, however none as insidious because the one brewing inside his personal coronary heart. His devotion to the beacon, a logo of steadfastness, had been unwavering for many years. But, a seed of restlessness had taken root, a craving for one thing past the rhythmic sweep of the sunshine and the lonely cry of the gulls. This quiet discontent blossomed into unfaithfulness to not his responsibility, however to the unstated vows he had made to himself about integrity and contentment. The results, just like the rising tide, threatened to engulf him. Unfaithfulness, on this context, grew to become a gateway to a bunch of opposing traits. The unwavering love as soon as reserved for his solitary put up was diluted, changed by fleeting fancies and a rising disregard for the straightforward magnificence that had as soon as sustained him. The enjoyment he discovered within the predictable rhythm of his life diminished, supplanted by a gnawing sense of dissatisfaction.

Silas’s story is a microcosm of a bigger reality. Unfaithfulness, whether or not to an individual, a precept, or a objective, serves as a catalyst for the erosion of constructive qualities. Think about the manager, initially dedicated to moral management, who succumbs to the lure of energy and revenue, betraying the belief of workers and shareholders. Or the artist, as soon as pushed by ardour, who abandons creativity for business success, sacrificing authenticity for fleeting fame. In every case, unfaithfulness acts as a crack within the dam, permitting a flood of unfavorable behaviors to surge forth. Impatience replaces long-term imaginative and prescient, self-control yields to impulsive selections, and kindness morphs into ruthless ambition. This decay highlights unfaithfulness energy to dismantle the very foundations upon which virtuous lives are constructed. Recognizing the delicate methods through which unfaithfulness can manifest is essential for safeguarding in opposition to its harmful potential.

Finally, the sensible significance lies in recognizing unfaithfulness not simply as a singular act of betrayal, however as a systemic vulnerability. The problem is to domesticate a steadfast dedication to core values and to proactively handle the underlying discontent that may pave the best way for ethical compromise. Silas, after a interval of turmoil, rediscovered his dedication to the sunshine, realizing that true achievement lay not in fleeting distractions however in unwavering dedication to his objective. His story underscores a vital reality: vigilance and a aware dedication to faithfulness in all its varieties is the one dependable protection in opposition to the storm. The beacon, as soon as threatened by his inner turmoil, shone brighter than ever, a testomony to the enduring energy of renewed dedication.

8. Lack of Management

The courtroom buzzed with anticipation, however throughout the defendant, Thomas, a chilling vacancy reigned. Years of pent-up anger had culminated in a second of uncontrolled rage, an act that shattered his life and the lives of these round him. Thomas’s story is a stark illustration of how an absence of management can unleash a torrent of unfavorable penalties, embodying the antithesis of the virtues, like love, persistence, and self-restraint, which can be historically related to a spiritually wholesome life. This absence of governance over ones impulses and feelings acts as a robust engine, driving people in the direction of behaviors and attitudes that stand in direct opposition to the values of kindness, gentleness, and peace. The occasion had ruined his and another person life.

Think about the mom, overwhelmed by stress and exhaustion, who lashes out at her youngster in a second of unchecked frustration. Or the worker, unable to handle his anger, who berates a colleague, making a poisonous work surroundings. The widespread thread is a failure to manage feelings, to pause and mirror earlier than reacting. It’s this lack of management that enables impatience to morph into rage, nervousness to manifest as crippling worry, and selfishness to override compassion. Every state of affairs underscores the vital significance of self-governance as a cornerstone of moral conduct and harmonious relationships. With out a agency grip on one’s inside impulses, people grow to be susceptible to the sway of negativity, setting in movement a cascade of detrimental results.

The sensible significance of this understanding lies in recognizing an absence of management not merely as a private failing, however as a vulnerability that have to be actively addressed. Methods for cultivating self-regulation, similar to mindfulness practices, anger administration strategies, and cognitive behavioral remedy, supply helpful instruments for people in search of to regain mastery over their impulses. Finally, the problem lies in fostering a society that values and helps the event of self-control, recognizing it as an important ingredient for each private well-being and communal concord. The popularity of how such a small factor as this has introduced up loads of issues as effectively for him

Continuously Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries surrounding the opposing forces of historically constructive religious attributes, shedding gentle on their nature and impression.

Query 1: Are these unfavorable attributes merely the absence of virtues, or are they energetic forces in their very own proper? A retired choose as soon as described witnessing a case that completely answered this question. He had considered the absence of affection as merely a impartial state. However then he had seen the cautious planning and meticulous execution of cruelty, proving that malevolence could possibly be an energetic, calculated power, not only a void.

Query 2: How can people distinguish between a short lived lapse in advantage and a deeply ingrained opposing attribute? A seasoned therapist used the analogy of a backyard. A single weed, plucked shortly, is a minor setback. However a backyard overrun with thorns and thistles signifies a deeper downside, requiring sustained effort to domesticate wholesome progress.

Query 3: Is it potential to fully remove all of those opposing traits from one’s life? A religious instructor, after years of devoted observe, admitted that the ego, the supply of many unfavorable impulses, is a persistent companion. The purpose shouldn’t be eradication, however skillful administration, to acknowledge and redirect these impulses earlier than they manifest in dangerous actions.

Query 4: Can these contrasting attributes be inherited, or are they solely the results of environmental components? A historian finding out familial patterns of conduct famous that whereas genetics could play a job in temperament, the transmission of values and the affect of upbringing are sometimes extra highly effective determinants. Youngsters raised in environments marked by animosity and mistrust usually tend to mirror these behaviors.

Query 5: How does society contribute to the perpetuation of those unfavorable traits? An investigative journalist noticed that techniques prioritizing competitors and materials wealth typically incentivize behaviors that contradict virtuous beliefs. The relentless pursuit of success, at any price, can foster selfishness, envy, and a disregard for the well-being of others.

Query 6: What function does forgiveness play in overcoming these opposing traits, each in oneself and in others? A jail chaplain, working with inmates convicted of heinous crimes, emphasised that forgiveness shouldn’t be condoning dangerous conduct, however releasing oneself from the shackles of bitterness and resentment. It is a troublesome path, however important for each the perpetrator and the sufferer to maneuver towards therapeutic.

Understanding these frequent questions offers a extra nuanced perspective on the challenges inherent in religious progress and the significance of steady self-reflection.

The following part will discover sensible methods for cultivating the virtues that counteract these unfavorable forces.

Navigating the Shadows

The journey towards cultivating advantage inevitably includes confronting its antithesis. The next are sensible methods, realized from lives spent in quiet contemplation or hard-won battles, designed to light up the trail away from harmful tendencies.

Tip 1: Domesticate Self-Consciousness By means of Reflection. Within the quiet solitude of his examine, a retired thinker maintained a journal, to not report occasions, however to dissect motives. Every day, he scrutinized his actions, probing for any hint of animosity, impatience, or self-serving intent. This introspective observe served as an early warning system, alerting him to the delicate shifts in his inner panorama earlier than they manifested in dangerous conduct.

Tip 2: Follow Empathy by Actively Listening. A disaster negotiator, dealing with unstable conditions, realized the invaluable ability of actually listening to others. Earlier than formulating a response, the negotiator targeted intently on the speaker’s phrases and feelings, in search of to grasp their perspective, even when it differed drastically. This energetic listening fostered connection and defused pressure, paving the best way for constructive dialogue.

Tip 3: Develop Emotional Regulation Strategies. A fight veteran, haunted by the trauma of battle, sought refuge in mindfulness meditation. The observe taught him to look at his feelings with out judgment, to acknowledge anger and worry with out permitting them to dictate his actions. By means of sustained effort, the veteran realized to create house between stimulus and response, reclaiming management over his emotional reactions.

Tip 4: Search Accountability By means of Mentorship or Neighborhood. A recovering addict discovered power in a help group, sharing struggles and vulnerabilities with others who understood his ache. The group offered a protected house for honesty and accountability, holding the addict liable for his actions and providing encouragement throughout moments of weak spot. Neighborhood is a robust antidote to the isolation that usually fuels harmful tendencies.

Tip 5: Follow Gratitude By means of Every day Affirmations. A hospice nurse, witnessing the fragility of life, made it a observe to precise gratitude for the straightforward blessings typically taken without any consideration: a heat cup of espresso, a ray of sunshine, a form phrase from a stranger. This each day affirmation shifted her focus from what was missing to what was current, fostering contentment and resilience.

Tip 6: Embrace Forgiveness as a Path to Freedom. A lady who had been betrayed by a detailed good friend struggled with bitterness and resentment for years. She discovered liberation by way of forgiveness, not condoning the actions of her good friend, however releasing herself from the emotional jail of anger. Forgiveness shouldn’t be in regards to the different particular person; it is about reclaiming one’s personal inside peace.

These methods, drawn from numerous experiences, underscore a typical reality: cultivating advantage requires aware effort, sustained observe, and a willingness to confront the shadows inside. By embracing self-awareness, empathy, emotional regulation, accountability, gratitude, and forgiveness, it turns into potential to navigate the complexities of human nature and transfer towards a extra virtuous existence.

The concluding part will summarize the important thing themes explored and supply a last perspective on the continued journey of religious progress.

Navigating the Labyrinth

This exploration into the shadows forged by “opposites of the fruit of the spirit” has revealed a posh interaction of forces shaping human character. From the insidious creep of hatred to the disruptive drive of an absence of management, these unfavorable attributes symbolize potent obstacles on the trail to advantage. Every examined facetselfishness, nervousness, discontent, unkindness, unfaithfulnessserved as a stark reminder of the fixed vigilance required to domesticate qualities of affection, pleasure, peace, persistence, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. The journey has been a descent into the much less snug features of human nature, a recognition that these opposing tendencies should not summary ideas however tangible realities that may impression actions and relationships.

The story is advised of an historical mariner, who, after years of battling storms on the open sea, lastly reached a tranquil harbor. But, he knew the battle wasn’t over. He needed to stay alert of the shifting tides, hidden reefs, and sudden squalls that would nonetheless threaten his vessel even throughout the harbor partitions. Equally, the wrestle in opposition to “opposites of the fruit of the spirit” shouldn’t be a one-time victory, however a lifelong endeavor. The popularity of the shadows shouldn’t be an finish in itself, however a name to steady self-reflection, a summons to actively domesticate the virtues that gentle the best way towards a extra compassionate, simply, and fulfilling existence. The continued pursuit of inside progress, a compass guiding by way of the labyrinth of human expertise, requires braveness, dedication, and an unwavering perception within the potential for constructive transformation.

close
close